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| Carvacrol Promotes Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis through PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells |
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| KeyWord:carvacrol, breast cancer, proliferation, apoptosis, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway |
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| Abstract: |
| Objective: To examine the role of carvacrol in modulating PI3K/AKT signaling involved in human breast cancer pathogenesis using in vitro experimental model MCF-7 cells. Methods: MTT and lactate dehydrogenase assays were performed with cells treated with different doses of carvacrol (0–250 μ mol/L) at different time points (24 and 48 h). The nuclear morphology was assessed in MCF-7 cells with propidium iodide (PI) and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. Events like cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were observed by flow cytometric analysis and expressions of p-Rb, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), CDK6, Bax, Bcl-2, PI3K/p-AKT were analyzed by immunoblot. Results: Carvacrol significantly reduced cell viability with the half maximal inhibitory concentration value of 200 μ mol/L at 24 and 48 h (P<0.05). importantly, there was a significant increase in the accumulation of the G0/G1 phase upon treatment with carvacrol in MCF-7 cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). A remarkable decrease in protein expressions of p-Rb, cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK6 denoted cell cycle arrest (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, carvacrol treatment significantly inhibited PI3K/p-AKT protein expressions leading to induction of apoptosis mediated by decreased Bcl2 and increased Bax protein expressions. Further, Annexin V/PI staining by FACS analysis, dual staining by AO/EB and PI staining studies suggested induction of apoptosis by carvacrol through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in MCF-7 cells. Conclusion: Carvacrol significantly inhibited the breast cancer MCF-7 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis via suppressing PI3/AKT signaling pathway. |
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