脉诊浮、沉、虚、实的客观指标探讨

对具有浮、沉、虚、实等脉象的受试者,测定其在一系列取脉压力下的寸口桡动脉压力脉搏图,并绘制成取脉压力-主波幅关系曲线。发现这四种脉的该曲线特点完全与各自的中医判定标准相符合,故可将该曲线用来作为判别浮、沉、虚、实等四种脉象的客观指标。并对测定脉搏图时的浮、中、沉取标准提出初步建议如下:5～10kPa 为浮取,20～25kPa 为沉取,而以15kPa 左右为中取。

英文摘要:

Objectification of Pulse-taking diagnosis is very important for mordernization of TCM,Nowa- days radial sphygmogram at wrist is usually taken as an objective index of pulse condition,but there are no good means to differentiate quantitatively Floating,Sunken,Feeble and Forceful pulses.In the present paper sphygmograms were taken under a serious of counter-pressure (CP) in order to approach this problem.The CP was a pressure put on the transducer to imitate finger force during pulse-taking.At first the main wave of sphygmogram in all subjects was usually getting higher and higher as the CP increased.After a maximum amplitude was attended,on the contrary,it became lower gradually with further increase of CP.The sphygmogram with maximum amplitude was called optimum sphygmogram (OS) and its corresponding CP called optimum counter-pressure (OCP). Taking CP as abscissa and amplitude of main wave (A) as ordinate,a curve of relation between CP and A (CP-A curve) might be obtained.OCP in Floating pulse tended to low (5～10 kPa),and then the CP-A curve went downwards gradually following the increase of CP.On the contrary,the A in Sunken pulse was small under low CP and became greater rapidly as CP increased.OCP was 25 kPa in most Sunken cases and 20 kPa in a few cases.In Feeble pulse OS was present under low CP and its A was rather small and decreased rapidly as soon as CP was a little higher than OCP.On the contrary,the A in Forceful pulse was generally high in spite of the strength of CP,and therefore the CP-A curve in Forceful pulse was somewhat plane.Because the characteristics of CP-A curve mentioned above were in accordance with the definitions of Floating,Sunken,Feeble and Forceful pulses based on TCM,the CP-A curve may be taken as an objective index for differentiating these four types of pulse.Besides,after the study of CP-A curve in Floating,Sunken and normal (neither floating nor sunken) pulses,a preliminary criterion of CP was proposed as follows:shallow (floating) at 5～10 kPa,deep (sunken) at 20～25 kPa,and medium at about 15 kPa.

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